# Step 1

Construct the series circuit in the diagram below and connect it to the power supply.
Here is an example of testbench setup:
And here is a more detailed picture of the circuit:

# Step 2

- Connect Channel 1 of the TBS1000B-EDU oscilloscope to node A (the ground clip of the probe will be connected to the ground node "D" of the circuit).

- Setup the power supply voltage to 5V.
- Setup the Oscilloscope Channel 1 Input to DC mode, Vertical scale =1V/div, and Channel 2 input to DC mode, Vertical scale = 1V/div.
- Setup the Oscilloscope time base to 500ns/div (this is not important here since we measure DC voltages that do not change in time and are represented as horizontal lines on the display)
- Setup the Oscilloscope Trigger to Auto mode.
- Alternately press the "Autoset" button and make the adjustments to settings after the oscilloscope displays the waveforms.

With this setup Channel 1 measures the voltage Vx, as shown in the screenshot below:

- Use the built-in "Measure" function of the oscilloscope to measure the voltage level of channel 1. Select "Mean" from the measure menu, like it is shown in the picture below:

- The measured value represents the voltage Vx in the circuit schematic. Record this value since we will use it in Step 6 below.

- Insert a screenshot of your measurement in this step of the lab.

# Step 3

- Connect Channel1 to node A and Channel2 to node B of the circuit. The ground clips are connected to the ground node of the circuit (Node D). Here is a picture of this setup on the schematic on the testbench:

- In this picture Channel1 is the yellow marked probe and Channel2 is the blue marked probe. Set the "Math" built-in function of TBS1202B-EDU oscilloscope to display Channel1-Channel2. Align the zero Volts levels of Channel1, Channel2, and Math traces, and set the built-in measure function to display the "Mean" value of each trace, as shown in the picture below:

- The measured value of the Math trace represents the voltage drop on R1 resistor. Record this value since we will use it in Step 6 below.

- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display in this step.

# Step 4

- Connect Channel1 to node B and Channel2 to node C of the circuit. The ground clips are connected to the ground node of the circuit (Node D). Here is a picture of this setup on the schematic and on the testbench:

- In this picture Channel1 is the yellow marked probe and Channel2 is the blue marked probe. Set the "Math" built-in function of TBS1202B-EDU oscilloscope to display Channel1-Channel2. Align the zero Volts levels of Channel1, Channel2, and Math traces, and set the built-in measure function to display the "Mean" value of each trace, as shown in the picture below:

- The measured value of the Math trace represents the voltage drop on R2 resistor. Record this value since we will use it in Step 6 below.

- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display in this step.

# Step 5

- Connect Channel1 to node C and Channel2 to node D of the circuit. The ground clips are connected to the ground node of the circuit (Node D). Here is a picture of this setup on the schematic and on the testbench:

- In this picture Channel1 is the yellow marked probe and Channel2 is the blue marked probe. Set the "Math" built-in function of TBS1202B-EDU oscilloscope to display Channel1-Channel2. Align the zero Volts levels of Channel1, Channel2, and Math traces, and set the built-in measure function to display the "Mean" value of each trace, as shown in the picture below:

- The measured value of the Math trace represents the voltage drop on R3 resistor. Record this value since we will use it in Step 6 below.

- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display in this step.

# Step 6

- Calculate the sum of the voltages on R1, R2, and R3 resistors, measured in Steps 3,4, and 5.
- Compare this result with the measured voltage Vx in Step 2. Is voltage Vx equal to the sum V_R1 + V_R2 + V_R3?
- Did we prove Kirchhoff's voltage law? Explain your answer.

# Step 7

Construct the parallel circuit in the diagram below and connect it to the power supply.
Here is a more detailed picture of the circuit:

# Step 8

- Setup the power supply voltage to 5V.
- Setup the Oscilloscope Channel 1 Input to DC mode, Vertical scale =20mV/div, and Channel 2 input to DC mode, Vertical scale = 20mV/div.
- Setup the Oscilloscope time base to 500ns/div (this is not important here since we measure DC voltages that do not change in time and are represented as horizontal lines on the display)
- Setup the Oscilloscope Trigger to Auto mode.
- Alternately press the "Autoset" button and make the adjustments to settings after the oscilloscope displays the waveforms.
- Connect Channel 1 to node E and Channel 2 to node F of the circuit, as shown in the diagram below:

- Setup the Math built-in function of the oscilloscope to calculate and display Channel 1 - Channel 2 trace.
- With this setup the oscilloscope screen should display three horizontal lines representing the voltages at nodes E, F, and their difference.
- Use the built-in "Measure" function of the oscilloscope to measure the voltage levels of the channel 1, channel 2, and "Math" traces. Select "Mean" from the measure menu, like it is shown in the picture below:

- These "Math" trace represents the voltage drop on Ri=1Ohms, and using Ohm's law we can translate this quantity into the current flowing through Ri by using a 1:1 conversion factor. In the waveform example above V_Ri=65.9mV which translates into 65.9mA flowing through Ri resistor. This current is equal to Ix in the schematic diagram.
- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display showing channel 1, channel 2, Math signals, and the measured values.
- Determine Ix from the voltage measured for "Math" trace. Record this value since we will use it in Step 12 below.

# Step 9

- Connect Channel 1 to node B and Channel 2 to node E of the circuit, as shown in the diagram below:

- Setup the Math built-in function of the oscilloscope to calculate and display Channel 1 - Channel 2 trace.
- With this setup the oscilloscope screen should display three horizontal lines representing the voltages at nodes B, E, and their difference.
- Use the built-in "Measure" function of the oscilloscope to measure the voltage levels of the channel 1, channel 2, and "Math" traces. Select "Mean" from the measure menu, like it is shown in the picture below:

- These "Math" trace represents the voltage drop on R1i=1Ohms, and using Ohm's law we can translate this quantity into the current flowing through R1i by using a 1:1 conversion factor. In the waveform example above V_Ri=50.2mV which translates into 50.2mA flowing through R1i resistor. This current is equal to I_R1 in the schematic diagram.
- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display showing channel 1, channel 2, Math signals, and the measured values.
- Determine I_R1 from the voltage measured for "Math" trace. Record this value since we will use it in Step 12 below.

# Step 10

- Connect Channel 1 to node C and Channel 2 to node E of the circuit, as shown in the diagram below:

- Setup the Math built-in function of the oscilloscope to calculate and display Channel 1 - Channel 2 trace.
- With this setup the oscilloscope screen should display three horizontal lines representing the voltages at nodes C, E, and their difference.
- Use the built-in "Measure" function of the oscilloscope to measure the voltage levels of the channel 1, channel 2, and "Math" traces. Select "Mean" from the measure menu, like it is shown in the picture below:

- These "Math" trace represents the voltage drop on R2i=1Ohms, and using Ohm's law we can translate this quantity into the current flowing through R2i by using a 1:1 conversion factor. In the waveform example above V_R2i=6.91mV which translates into 6.91mA flowing through R2i resistor. This current is equal to I_R2 in the schematic diagram.
- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display showing channel 1, channel 2, Math signals, and the measured values.
- Determine I_R2 from the voltage measured for "Math" trace. Record this value since we will use it in Step 12 below.

# Step 11

- Connect Channel 1 to node D and Channel 2 to node E of the circuit, as shown in the diagram below:

- Setup the Math built-in function of the oscilloscope to calculate and display Channel 1 - Channel 2 trace.
- With this setup the oscilloscope screen should display three horizontal lines representing the voltages at nodes D, E, and their difference.
- Use the built-in "Measure" function of the oscilloscope to measure the voltage levels of the channel 1, channel 2, and "Math" traces. Select "Mean" from the measure menu, like it is shown in the picture below:

- These "Math" trace represents the voltage drop on R3i=1Ohms, and using Ohm's law we can translate this quantity into the current flowing through R3i by using a 1:1 conversion factor. In the waveform example above V_R3i=5.06mV which translates into 5.06mA flowing through R3i resistor. This current is equal to I_R3 in the schematic diagram.
- Insert a screenshot of the oscilloscope display showing channel 1, channel 2, Math signals, and the measured values.
- Determine I_R3 from the voltage measured for "Math" trace. Record this value since we will use it in Step 12 below.

# Step 12

- Calculate the sum of the currents through R1, R2, and R3 resistors, measured in Steps 9,10, and 11.
- Compare this result with the measured current Ix in Step 8. Is the current Ix equal to the sum I_R1 + I_R2 + I_R3?
- Did we prove Kirchhoff's current law? Explain your answer.